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  • Writer: En Kelly
    En Kelly
  • Nov 1, 2023
  • 10 min read
"The voyage of discovery consists not in seeking new lands but seeing with new eyes." Marcel Proust

Voluntourism • A volunteer vacation where you give time to support a meaningful cause.


For two weeks this summer, a group of adventurist friends & I rode (and crashed) ~900 off-road miles across the Namibian landscape as a part of Rally for Rangers' mission bringing new motorcycles and conservation equipment to the region's rangers.

Conservation Landscape

In Namibia, a country whose coastal areas reach temperatures of 140°F (60°C) by day and sub 50°F (10°C) by night, conservation is an under-resourced yet critical initiative. Despite immensely harsh environments, Namibia is at the forefront of African wildlife conservation due to its innovative, community-based approach pioneered by leaders such as John Kasaona.

When an elephant threatens to destroy a farmer's crops or predators kill herder's livestock, rangers are often the first to receive the call for help. It is common for rangers to walk in the blistering sun for miles before being able to provide support. Their prolonged travel can prove deadly for wildlife (some of whom are shot when help does not arrive in time) or local villagers (commonly injured or killed trying to protect their farms and villages.)

When our RFR team arrived in Windhoek, Namibia on July 3rd, many of us were less versed of the intricacies of the region's challenges, the scope of the adventure we'd signed up for, and the breadth of the country we'd spend the next 2 weeks pitching tents in. We spent a day in Windhoek before transferring to the rally kick-off at Midgard Lodge.


Day 1, July 3: Arrive airport, transfer to Midgard Lodge (80km - shuttle)

Midgard Lodge is a tranquil farmstead nestled at the foot of the Otjihavera Mountains in the African bush, not far from Namibia’s capital. German in architecture and disproportionately green to its surroundings, the 90-room lodge offered ample real estate for a rally base. In short order, the RFR team staged ~15 Yamaha AG125's, one for each rider to prepare, sticker-if, and adjust for the next day's ride.

As motorcycles were set, riders were briefed on the end-to-end route — a 900-mile circuit from Midgard to Outjo to Terrabay to Twyfelfontein Lodge to Swakopmund to Windhoek. Rally for Rangers' founder Ono Batkhuu outlined the rally rules, answering questions, clarifying expectations, and reiterating the group's adventure should not trump its mission to deliver motorcycles intact at the journey’s end.


Day 2, July 4: Midgard Lodge > Ombe Guest Farm and Safari (157 km)

Launching from Midgard provided us newer rallyers a false sense of confidence. In Namibia, a great deal of roads are unpaved. They are comprised of dirt and gravel, pock-marked and barren. All too often riders would find themselves facing a tractor, endlessly sweeping piles of sand that persistently sought to engulf the roads themself. In Namibia, the elements — sand, wind, and a beating desert heat — are constant factors.


We started on dirt roads and barren grasslands. To provide motors quiet enough to not startle wildlife, the Yamaha AG 125’s we were wielding proved smaller than expected, leaving some of us laugh-out-loud throttling out on the hills. Inevitably, dirt roads transformed to trails where more than a few of us fishtailed / swerved through the characteristical red sand.


Throughout the journey, lunch stops were made anywhere from under random trees to small, desolate country towns. The RFR support team involved (3) different vehicles, (1) at the front and (2) at the back of the riders — complete with a paramedic / mechanic (Bertus) to address on-site rider injuries, tire flats, or motorcycle crashes, a cook to feed the starving riders at the days end, and our videographer Jonathan to document the journey.

Ombe Guest Farms, a family-operated livestock enterprise (among one of the earliest registered guest farms in Namibia) offered a reprieve at our first trail day's end. In addition to an opportunity to set up tents / opt for yurt camping, the farm hosted us for a private safari tour led by our hosts Florian and Katrin. After a dusty debut & some much-needed washing up, our group was captivated with an open-top jeep expedition, featuring local giraffes, oryx, and ostriches.

With the setting sun, Florian outdid all cohort expectations… producing a cooler of spirits for a cheers — a prelude to a delicious homemade dinner.




Day 3, July 5: Ombe Guest Farm and Safari > Okonjima Nature Reserve (236km)

From Ombe Guest Farm we traversed ~146 mi / 236km further to Okonjima Nature Reserve in the Omboroko mountains. The riding was moderately easy, and we arrived with the waning sun. Riders pitched tents, engulfed in an astoundingly beautiful landscape. Amid wildlife sounds and the aroma of springbok meat grilling over an open fire, the cameras were whipped out almost as fast as cooler beers.



Day 4, July 6: Okonjima Nature Reserve > Etotongwe Lodge, Outjo (209km)

If riding into Okonjima was stunning, the morning’s ride out proved more so. Rolling out of the reserve — over the course of 15 minutes — we came within a few dozen feet of being stampeded by a group of giraffes, a charging herd of wildebeest, and a group of zebras. Jaws on the ground…. we then spotted an elusive rhinoceros in parallel with a (seemingly) never-ending number of springbok, steenbok, and errant giraffes.

Another day’s ride in… come evening, we touched down at Etotongwe Lodge in Outjo. Shedding all our increasingly crusty gear and deeply appreciating the comfort of a genuine hotel room with a proper toilet / shower, riders gathered at a small on-site bar for refreshments. In a few hours, the establishment was visited by a Himba family selling trinkets — bracelets made from recycled PVC, hand-carved animal figures, & fibrous beaded necklaces. By the end of the evening, 100% of my local currency transferred from a fender pouch to the local ladies…with a hungry ostrich looking on from behind a cyclone fence.


Day 5, July 7: Etotongwe Lodge > Hoada Campsite (252km)

Gassing up at an outpost on day 5… Namibia’s terrain grew progressively more challenging.


Approximately 46% of Namibia's surface features bedrock exposure, with the remaining topography covered by sediments of the Kalahari and Namib deserts. A disproportionately high number of sharp crystals shed Yamaha tires at an unprecedented rate. Every few hours, a rider would experience a flat tire… and with it, the novel experience of waiting as those more mechanically talented switched inner tubes / patched / aired up and returned the less lucky motorcycle to a functional state.

Each day would bring generally some fuel ups, paired with the support team topping off gas tanks each evening while simultaneously checking for flats / other mechanical issues. Occasionally, we would stop at wasteland-like outposts, purchasing trinkets from local sellers — often from the Himba tribe. In the starkest environments — deserts with no vehicles, the landscape would still be dotted by tiny wood shacks, putting forth a variety of crystals, jewelry, and nicknicks for sale. There were metal giraffes woven from old cans, bracelets made from recycled PVC, and crudely carved lions, rhinos, and leopards.

Arriving at Hoada campsite was the end of an exhausting day.


The word “Hoada” is the Damara-Nama term for “everybody.” With its alien rock formations, it presents an otherworldly landscape… Travelers are welcome to pitch tents, bring RV’s and enjoy the park’s features ranging from shower stations carved into boulders and a top-of-the-mount bar, complete with a small wading pool and Savanna Dry cider. As with every other evening, our cook prepared a delicious concoction of corn grits, meats, and pasta / salad for the famished group.



Day 6, July 8 : Hoada Campsite > Ondongo Waterfall Campsite (142km)

As if the adventure were not enough.. it was about to skyrocket.


Turning out of Hoada’s moonlike landscape, we began our first full day of riverbeds. This ended in a “humbling” manner for some of us, repeatedly crashing on stretches of rocks just to find ourselves confronted turn by turn with another. One cracked leg brace, many bruised limbs, even more wipeouts, and 142km later… we thumped into Ondongo Waterfall Campsite. To our delight, the site actually featured a waterfall / swimming hole. Ripping off moto gear (caked with a week’s worth of dust, sweat, and sand), charged in as game burgers were put on the fire.


Day 7, July 9: Ondonga Waterfall campsite > Onganga Campsite (192km)

Day 7 brought a visit to a local village. After riding across seemingly endless dirt roads we happened upon a small settlement — 5 or 6 huts made of mud, cow dung, stretched animal skins, and branches.


These were Himba homes, hand-built by the semi-nomadic tribe who have resided in the Kunene Region of northern Namibia for centuries. As a matrilineal society, Himba women are responsible for most of the daily tasks, such as milking livestock, fetching water, and cooking. Men are responsible for herding animals and protecting the village. This particular settlement was aggregated by a gentleman named Boaz, a descendent from the Himba who spoke fluent Herero and English.

As Boaz guided our group to the village, young Himba ladies performed a welcome dance before sharing how their homes were built, livestock cared for, and how they ground a particular rock (red ochre) & mixed it with tallow to produce a primitive form of sunscreen. The iron in red ochre is what gives the Himba people their distinct red skin color. We also learned how braided jewelry pieces Himba women/ men wear indicate their societal status... married or unmarried, with or without children.


Witnessing a community survive in such an isolated region was revelatory. In an environment that appeared incapable of sustaining life, they have made these lands their home for countless generations.


Day 8, July 10: Onganga Campsite > Puros Bush Lodge & Camp (176km)

Edging ever forward, the rally continued to prove challenging. Many of us (yours truly included) starting taking a few tumbles as we raced across the endless desert.


At one stretch of the ride, an endless red desert spanned before us… Encompassing miles of burning red sand, it looked as if we were crossing from the Wadi Rum desert of Jordan into an environment pulled from Mars. Alternating between washboard roads beating us senseless and carving our own through-the-dust paths between sand flats, it was an exhilarating, once-in-a-lifetime, exhausting day.

***Chris, waiting for a flat repair.. and Mike enjoying the moment :)

***Jason, gleefully peeking behind the handlebars at a pit stop

***Ollie, Anna and I….with Ollie & I being the vampires of the group


Day 9. July 11: Puros Bush Lodge & Camp > WILD CAMP, Amspoort Gorge (approx. 150km)

At Puros Bush Lodge, we took a pause for what would turn out to be the most rewarding part of our journey. Even in incredibly remote regions, villages often house young children who face limited access to basic resources such as toilets, notebooks, shoes, clothes, and books. We anticipated seeing some children on the way but were unprepared for the 100+ little ones who came to the Puros Bush school.


As we rode into the schoolyard, children flocked forward, eyes bright with curiosity and enthusiasm. They touched the motorcycles, requested photographs, and eagerly lined up for any gifts the rally brought. Mike — the best of us — had angelically lugged along a suitcase filled with notebooks in one of the RFR support trucks, ensuring every child received a gift.


At times like this, each of us contemplated how exceptionally fortunate we have been. The world is carved with stagering inequalities. These children were undeniably bright, beautiful, and talented, but their opportunities were restricted by the circumstances of their birthplace.




Day 10, July 12: Wild camp @ Amspoort Gorge> Torra Bay (Approx. 150km)

Day ten brought the most challenging conditions of the rally circuit. Within our group, half of the riders were seasoned off-roaders while the other half were relatively greener. As the Namibian terrain shifted from fine, powdery sand flats to a meandering barrage of creeks, hills, jagged riverbeds, and towering dunes / quicksand (!) the majority of my own wipeouts occurred on this single day.


When crossing waters of unknown depth, it takes some expertise to comprehend all you can do is maintain balance, roll on the throttle, and pray. Nevertheless, precautions do not prevent water from surging over your head and infiltrating your helmet if the creek is deeper than planned. These creeks happened to have some deep spots… & some of us managed to find every. single. one.


If being sweaty, sandy, and hot is an uncomfortable ordeal… it pales in comparison to being drenched in dank brown water, mud, with sand covering your every inch and your Moto boots turning into waterlogged lead weights. In such circumstances, shaking from the wind, bruised from days of riding, and exhausted from picking up motorcycles crash after crash, moving forward is the only option.


Rallying is not for the faint of heart.

Going backwards or calling it a day is not in the cards.


It's also worth mentioning… a few remarkable members of our group managed to navigate the entire circuit without a single crash-inducing event. These people should have won talent awards.



Day 11, July 13: Torra Bay > Puros Bush Lodge

Day eleven brought forth stunning Martian terrain, legendary open air brraaaaaappp opportunities, and (2) unforgettable trailer fiascos, the latter of which resulted in an axle snapping mid-route to the Elephant Coast's Mile 108 camp. With the latter mechanical glitch, we could not proceed further. Tools are hard to come by in the middle of an endless desert. After some brainstorming, the rally turned around and headed back to Puros Bush Lodge.


Day 12, July 14: Puros Lodge to > Sorris-Sorris > Twyefelfontein Lodge

The culmination of the rally circuit was bittersweet. It had been an adrenaline-filled adventure few had fully anticipated when landing in Windhoek. Looking back, it was almost unbelievable how much ground had been covered in such ten days. We explored surreal places, forged new friendships, and shared countless moments of laughter despite -- and because of -- the numerous crashes, flat tires, and mishaps along the journey. Every second, bruise, and story was worth it.


Rolling into Twyefelfontein Lodge, we lined up the Yamahas, washed each down for hand-off, and did our best to repair minor damage incurred through out the last day's ride. The next day, John Kasaona ’s rangers and a collective of Namibian officials would gather for the hand off celebration.


Day 13, July 15: Morning training, afternoon hand over ceremony Sorris - Sorris

As hand-off hour arrived, each rallyer rode to the ceremony site single file, handing our Yamahas off to an assigned ranger. The rangers were led by a pioneer of community-based conservation — John Kasaona — who committed to using the fleet of AG125's to prevent wildlife poaching from occurring on and around national parks. John's rangers play an essential role in managing complex wildlife and community interactions, serving as an exemplar to the rest of Namibia's conservation community.


Impahewa — the warden who received my Yamaha — did not yet have his motorcycle license. As several rangers had not yet been on a motorcycle, for a final hurrah we gave each ranger an impromptu ride. We didn't mention some of us had never ridden with a passenger before ☺.



The Wildlife


***The following day brought a wild land safari. We were stunned to see herds of "ellies" as the locals called them, rhinoceros, lions, & giraffes within a few dozen feet.

***Photo Credit: Oliver Dunkley



Life is nothing without a blooper reel...


____________________________________________________________________________________________

***Rally for Rangers (RFR) is an incredible nonprofit supporting conservation by gifting rangers with motorcycles and equipment. Experienced riders can apply to any of the RFR treks spanning from Mongolia to Bhutan, Peru to Namibia, and more. Rally fees cover the cost of purchasing the rider's donated motorcycle, food, lodging, and entertainment throughout each trek.

 
 
 

This year, the United Nations hosted its Transforming Education Summit at the UN Headquarters in New York City, convening youth change makers, dignitaries, excellencies, non profit and private stakeholders, academics, and government representatives from around the world in response to advancing global education crises.


What were the takeaways?

Education is the great equalizer. It's the door we walk through to earn higher paying jobs, support our families, expand our careers, and develop our networks. It is a fundamental human right and an overdue necessity.


Unfortunately, it is a resource that is not equitably accessible, even in the United States where the average cost of college is $20K per year, in Afghanistan where girls are prohibited from attending secondary school, or worldwide where girls miss weeks of school or drop out altogether due to period poverty.

"When one group has a 'right' others' don't have, it is not a right. It is a privilege." - Leonardo Garnier

Listening to this weekend’s collective of world leaders, public and private sector stakeholders, youth representatives, and advocates, a number of insights could be gathered.



Where do education needs stand today?

The number of refugees is growing. In 2021, the world’s forcibly displaced population reached the highest on record, with 26M+ refugees and 50M+ internally displaced people. Half of Syria’s population is displaced. Roughly 48% of refugee children remain out of school, and refugees at large go a lifetime without access to higher education. Some barriers driving marginalization are lack of statehood, work visas, and financial support.


Localized education materials remain a critical global need, as UNESCO estimates 40% of school-aged children don't have access to education in a language they understand.


Education costs are skyrocketing across institutions. Domestically in the United States between 1980 - 2020, the average price of tuition, fees, and housing for undergraduate degrees increased by 169%. Placement competition at higher education facilities is increasing worldwide. Student financing remains tied to those with access to institutional credit.


There is a critical necessity for the application of innovative technologies in evidence based, results driven agendas such as

  • EdTech software solutions that meet children where they are – in low / no bandwidth environments, across all manner of devices – example the LearningPassport from Microsoft + UNICEF.

  • Supply of hardware such as laptops & tablets to displaced students – acutely needed in high conflict regions. Today, Polish and Ukrainian government representatives shared an *acute need for 165K laptops and 202K tablets* to enable continued education for displaced children across Ukraine and Poland alone.

  • Energy innovations (solar, wind) to power tablet / projector kits – such as those used by OneBillion in Malawi.

  • Digitalization of curricula & transcripts – today we heard from a medical student who fled Ukraine. She was unable to recover her transcripts and therefore unable to continue studies today in her host country of Romania.

  • Digital identification solutions – to enable student verification and access to academic resources worldwide.

  • Artificial intelligence applications translating curricula into local languages – such as Microsoft Translator.

… to name a few.



Stories in the room...

Over the course of two days, we heard from...


António Guterres, UN Secretary General as he advocated for education as a fundamental human right in need of youth led transformation. He highlighted the diminishing need for global competition and the growing need for cross functional, international collaboration.


Amina J. Mohammed, UN Deputy Secretary-General who called on constituents to think of education as an investment versus a consumable, and the necessity for an educational dividend.. a return in terms of economic productivity and prosperity.


Csaba Kőrösi, President of the 77th General Assembly, challenging youth stakeholders to push their proposals forward and engage local leadership.


Tymofiy Mylovanov, President of the Kyiv School of Economics, Andrii Vitrenko, First Deputy-Minister of Education and Science of Ukraine, and Justyna Orlowska, Polish Minister of Educations’s High Representative for Digital Transformation as they shared urgent donation needs for hardware (165K laptops and 202K tablets), school busses (1947), and bomb shelter funding requests to enable continued education for displaced children across Ukraine and Poland today.


UN Afghan Youth Rep 2019, Aisha Khurram discuss the grassroots work she is driving to fund girls education in Afghanistan through internet based technologies, and the importance of the world not viewing Afghan women's education as a lost cause.


Former UK Prime Minister & UN Special Envoy for Global Education Gordon Brown, on the United Nations global, billion-dollar fund for education in emergencies and protracted crises, Education Cannot Wait (ECW).


Innovation leaders such as Justin Spelhaug, Vice President & Global Head of Tech for Social Impact at Microsoft Philanthropies, who partnered with UNICEF and worldwide leaders for seven years to create the Learning Passport, an online, mobile, and offline platform that enables continuous access to education.


Additional comments worth noting...

“Activism is not part time.. we never give up..there's always a gap between what is and what needs to be.”– Amina J. Mohammed, UN Deputy Secretary-General
“Be bold. Be loud. Be provocative… Think in terms of interconnected challenges.” – Csaba Kőrösi, President of the 77th General Assembly
“I just came from Ukraine where 2000 schools were destroyed.. This is all of our problems..”– Dominic Cardy, Minister of Education and Early Childhood Development, Canada
“People say, ‘if you build (technology solutions), they will come…’ Well if you come, we will build it…” – Justin Spelhaug, Vice President & Global Head of Tech for Social Impact, Microsoft
You cannot define what good learning is without asking ‘How do you learn? What makes you want to learn?' We need more project based learning.


The Challenge

...facing the international community is massive. Today we must learn not only to process and store information; we must learn how to learn. Change is the 21st century constant. This is as true of our personal lives as it is for the technological waves transforming the world.


There is a need for of engagement from teacher’s unions, educational institutions, the public and private sectors in governmental academic conversation.


Billions in funding will not solve the skyrocketing cost of education.

Funded education does not mean a quality education.

College degrees and college debt is a net negative if jobs for those degrees do not exist in the market.


It can be counterproductive to focus on singular symptoms, if we fail to acknowledge, design for, and address the interconnected challenges.


Across every vertical, there is a chronic need for donation funding, materials, facilities, educators, devices, and more. Leaders estimate 1% of the world’s GDP is needed to close today’s education gap.


There is an equally chronic need for donation transparency. Contributors expect accountability and inevitable results when donations are made. They should be afforded such by the organizations intaking these resources.



There is incredible work happening everywhere...

For all the demands, we are making progress. Extraordinary work is happening through efforts like OneBillion, a nonprofit devoted to educating children through the use of effective technology. OneBillion provides hardware (onetab, a low cost tablet) and software (onecourse) to deliver literacy and numeracy instruction to children in their native language. OneBillion's solutions are being used in West and Central Africa, Uganda, Malawi, Tanzania, and the United States.


Commendable investment is being made by corporate citizens such as Microsoft Philanthropies, created in 2015 to realize the promise of technology. It has to date donated $1 billion+ in cloud services to over 90,000 nonprofits. The Learning Platform is a part of this agenda, also being leveraged in Malawi. Efforts from Google.org have donated millions to fund 4-H programs connecting young people in rural and underserved communities to technology, resources and training. Apple's ConnectED initiative has pledged $100M for teaching and learning solutions to serve 114 marginalized schools across the United States.


We have come far, and we have far to go. With privilege comes responsibility.


Processing the enormity of the challenges posed at the Transforming Education Summit begets the question, what can individuals also do to to address growing societal needs.


What can you do?

  1. Donate to high impact non profits with results driven, data based agendas.

  2. Advocate for employer donation matching programs funding accessible, equitable education through impactful nonprofits.

  3. Proactively advocate for corporate social responsibility in your company.

  4. Involve youth in policy making & academic investment decisions, whether you are a parent, educator, representative, or citizen.. Youth are not passive bystanders..they are active stakeholders and should be treated as such.

  5. Teach what you know. We all have something to give back. Volunteer to mentor someone. Donate your time. Share your expertise with those around you.

  6. Vote for education reform. Elect representatives vested in not just forgiving student debt, but tackling the root cause of skyrocketing education costs and unequal opportunity.

  7. Go beyond traditional recruitment institutions to hire inclusively if you are a hiring manager. There are large numbers of highly educated displaced professionals looking for work opportunities (example, www.hireforukraine.com).

  8. Consider sponsoring a refugee if you have available housing and resources. Millions of refugees (Ukrainian, Afghani, etc) need homes.

  9. Involve your child in The Civics Bee, an annual competition encouraging children to engage in civics and contribute to their communities if you are an American parent concerned about growing polarization.



“You are as young as your faith, as old as your doubt; as young as your self confidence, as old as your fear; as young as your hope, as old as your despair.” Samuel Ullman




Additional Resources

 
 
 
  • Writer: En Kelly
    En Kelly
  • Sep 18, 2021
  • 12 min read

.. Conducted as a part of Oxford University's Skoll Center for Social Entrepreneurship Map the System 2021 competition, the Great She-cession summarizes the effects of COVID 19 on women in the domestic American workforce.


This post addresses socioeconomic findings myself and two research partners, Jennifer Driscoll and Qinny Xiang, conducted in Q1 and Q2 of 2021 as a result of participating in a research competition called Map the System.


Map the System is a global competition run by the Skoll Center for Social Entrepreneurship at the Saïd Business School, at the University of Oxford. This particular project challenged graduate students from around the world to systemically research focus areas of social and environmental change. This body of work focuses specifically of the impact of COVID 19 on women in the domestic American workforce.


By way of credits— I’d like to pay homage to my two research partners on this project — Jennifer & Qinny.


Qinny is a Director of Corporate Finance at Greentec Engineering, bringing a wealth of expertise from Wells Fargo & Deloitte to our project. Jennifer is a Senior Portfolio Officer responsible for strategy management of a $180M investment portfolio in Maternal, Newborn and Child Health at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.


Jennifer, Qinny, and myself came together to collaborate on the Great She-cession after having met each other at Oxford’s Said Business School where were jointly studying Strategy & Innovation.


Throughout this project, we utilized an approach called “Systems thinking” — i.e. a mindset for understanding how things work;


It is a way of seeing connections and interrelationships as patterns rather than isolated events. The process enables identification of leverage points to intervene and contribute to systems change.


We found this approach to be effective because when you pull back and take the 10,000’ view – you can see past the everyday symptoms to identify the root cause of a given problem.

...The disparities seen over the past year were not a results of COVID-19.  Instead, the pandemic illuminated inequities that have existed for generations and revealed for all of America a known, but often unaddressed, epidemic…”

Dr. Rochelle Walensky, Director of the CDC, April-2021



The overarching theme across the Map the Systems competition this year was on Systems Reset. Our project fell into the sub theme of an Economic Reset caused by COVID 19. To that end, we found this quote particularly relevant —

“Every system is perfectly designed to get the results it gets.”

W. Edwards Deming, Management Consultant



That’s relevant because the economic costs we’ve paid this last year and a half were not simply derivatives of a pandemic ….. they were the result of pre existing, historical inequalities exacerbated by an inevitable health crisis.


Throughout this piece we’ll use the metaphor of an iceberg to illustrate the layers of a system. It’s simple but useful in looking at what’s above the surface vs everything that happening below. It starts with a clear outline of the events that unfold to better understand an overall problem, Next we’ll dive deeper into observed patterns. Finally we’ll analyze underlying structures and mental models that hold these power structures in place.


Throughout our research, one startling fact that stood out was… In April 2020, the US economy shed 20M jobs.


As of May 2021, women's jobs on payroll were still down 4.2M compared to pre-COVID levels. Women – particularly African American women, Latina women, and female workers with fewer academic degrees have been disproportionately impacted by job loss during the COVID19 pandemic.

Throughout our research, we developed a simple taxonomy of women in the workforce based on low-wage, high-wage, essential, and non-essential. Disaggregating the data helped highlighted where we needed to dig deeper.



  • In the 1st category, Low-wage/Nonessential, women were hit the hardest. Here we have a lot of service jobs such as restaurant workers, hairstylists, technicians and hospitality workers— there is also a higher proportion of black, Hispanic, and education-disadvantaged women in this category.

  • Category 2 (Low Wage Essential) and 3 (High Wage Essential) share a common story of direct exposure to the public – whether it was the grocery clerk who faced covid exposure day in and day out or the frontline health workers. These were the women who put their bodies on the frontline to make sure we all got the food, care, and medicine we need. Women in category 2 may not have access to paid sick leave, health insurance, or affordable childcare, and that inevitably impacted their employment status.

  • Category 4 (High Wage Non Essential) workers benefitted from the ability to work remotely. They include those in finance, real estate, insurance, professional, technical, scientific, management, and broadcasting jobs. These groups suffered less acute job loss, but recent research found that 1 year into the pandemic.... this group is now at high-risk.

This analysis highlighted 2 key points:

  1. If you were a caregiver across any of these 4 categories, school closures and a lack of access to childcare compounded the overall problem.

  2. A theme we will pick up on later is that the most important thing to note is that the bucket you fall into is not entirely within your control.

As of April, 2021, 25% of schools were still closed. Even this summer, many daycares and summer camps are still running at reduced capacity. One important reason for this impact on women is that the measures put in place to contain the virus significantly increased the burden of unpaid care. This type of work is disproportionately carried out by women. Some of these social norms, which relegate women to family roles and domestic chores, mean they have had to take a step back in their career to care for their children as measures like school closures came into effect.


Taking a step back, we also acknowledge an enormous number of men have also been impacted by COVID related job loss. However, the data shows that while most fathers had returned to work by November 2020, mothers did not see the same improvement.


We are witnessing an uneven recovery. Men / Yellow. Women / Orange.

Further, at the height of the pandemic, women lost 2.4M more jobs than men. As of May 2021, female job loss was still 720k jobs higher than male job loss. This is why this recession has been called a she-cession.


Generally speaking, recessions have a greater impact on economically disadvantaged groups. The current recession has been no exception. This chart shows that while the labor participation rate declines for all women, African American, and Hispanic women have a larger drop than white women.


- Caucasian women are in blue

- African American women in orange

- Hispanic women in grey

As of June 27th, there were 604K recorded COVID 19 deaths in the United States.

Pulling in some summer data trends the bureau of labor statistics releases an updated jobs report every month. In the May 2021 release, job increases fell far short of projections. What we saw in the prior report for April was that job gains were even lower, 266k vs 1M expected jobs. What was followed by a slightly better, but still lackluster 559K in May 2021.


There’s now a pretty active debate about why we haven’t just bounced back. Some have speculated that there is a labor shortage, others there is a wage shortage, still more that Unemployment stimulus payments are too generous.

The below graph shows labor participation change rates for men and women. If you go out to the right to the most recent month, the red line – which represents women. What we found concerning about the trend for women is that the largest decrease for women was in the category of Professional & Business Services. If you go back to the 2x2 framework, we’re starting to see a rebound in service jobs (Category 1), but a lukewarm recovery in categories 3 (High wage essential) & 4 (High Wage Non Essential).

This is supported by a McKinsey Report that surveyed over 300 companies and 40,000 people from June – Aug 2020. Findings indicate 1 in 4 women are considering leaving the workforce or downshifting their careers.


This same report found 4 in 10 mothers have been working a ‘double shift’ during COVID19

54% of Senior-level US women have felt consistently exhausted during COVID19

$180B earning potential would be lost if all the women considering leaving corporate America quit.

For those that managed being on the frontlines during COVID, we are starting to see an aftershock where many healthcare workers are hitting a breaking point. One talented economist we collaborated closely with on our project, Kathryn Anne Edwards, puts it nicely...

“The ripple effects on women will play out for the next decade…. through earnings, promotions, people who went part-time, people who scaled back their career, people who switched careers because they couldn’t make it in one anymore.  There will be tons of aftershocks.”

Kathryn Anne Edwards


Next we are going to start looking below the surface at some larger patterns and trends. In order to understand the current economic fallout, we analyzed historical labor market trends dating back to 1948, when the US Labor Dept started tracking gender inclusive employment metrics. At the time in the 1940’s, approximately 1/3 of American women held jobs, and that number nearly doubled by the late 1990s. This is showing the labor force participation rate for men (red) and women (grey). Supported by a variety of policy and cultural norm shifts, womens labor force participation in the US doubled from 30% in 1950 to 60% in 1990.

Two trends to note:

  • Since 1990, the number of women in the formal economy, plateaued — where it has remained stalled for the last 30 years.

  • As a result of COVID19, the ratio of women participating in the formal economy has now fallen below 57% ….for the first time since 1988.

When we analyzed factors that helped double women’s labor force participation, a causal cycle of sorts emerged that has been well documented:

  • When a women can delay marriage and choose if and when to have a family;…..it enables her to have a longer planning horizon for her employment

  • It allows her to invest more in her education and human capital

  • This creates a broader sense of her career identity before and after marriage and children

  • Ultimately, at the heart of this cycle is Agency, Empowerment, & Choice

And we once again acknowledge we are viewing this from a historical perspective where the biggest gains in employment occurred from the 1960s to 1980s.

… But this virtuous cycle is not equally available to all. There are many forces that impact a woman’s ability to work. This includes: political system, access & quality of education, relative economic stability, social & community context, and healthcare access & quality.


What we found is that surrounding the inner cycle is a myriad of factors that can be both barriers or enablers to a woman’s career. This is essentially the concept of birth inequity, which has been referred to as the ovarian lottery by Warren Buffet.


Warren Buffet famously was quoted saying, “I was born in 1930, I had two sisters that have every bit the intelligence that I had, have every bit the drive, but they didn’t have the same opportunities. When I was growing up, you know, women could be teachers or secretaries or nurses. 50 percent of the talent in the country was excluded from virtually all occupations.”


One of the biggest points we want to drive home -- something that became glaringly obvious over the last year - is that is that while we were all in the same storm, we weren’t all in the same boat.


The ovarian lottery...

"is the most important event in which you’ll ever participate. It’s going to determine way more than what school you go to, how hard you work, all kinds of things.”

Warren Buffet


Building from this, moving forward, we’ll examine the underlying structure of the system which existed pre-pandemic, but includes issues that were were exacerbated in 2020 and beyond. We explored s key metric reflecting the status of our economic equality – the gender wage gap. In the last 25 years, despite technological revolution and globalization that lifted millions out of poverty around the world, the gender pay gap in America has only closed by 8 cents in the last 25 years.


Economist Marianne Bertrand describes the gender wage gap in 2 buckets: the Explained and the Residual.

In the Explained category, academic choices lead to different career outcomes for women in the long run. We still see disproportionate underrepresentation of women in higher paying STEM fields. In addition, when women become mothers, they often make changes to their labor supply decisions that translate into large and persistent losses in earnings over the course of their lifetime. This phenomenon is coined “the Motherhood Penalty”.


The “Residual category” this reflects the fact that even if women make it to the top of their fields (such as in the sports arena or C-suite), there is still a residual gender pay disparity.


Touching on educational choices, Science, Technology, Engineering and Math fields lead to industries where the gender wage gap is the smallest.


However, these fields are also wherein women are the least represented, despite the fact that women at large have earned more university level degrees than their male counterparts. We see that women account for 38% of STEM bachelor degrees and 26% of STEM leadership in industries. Minority women, on the other hand, make up only 9.2% in STEM fields and 3% in STEM leadership (per recent studies released by Yale University).


The US Dept of Labor/ Women’s Bureau’s May 2021 report shows that the Motherhood Penalty places significant burden on working mothers. This graph illustrates that mothers with younger kids have lower labor participation rate (for example: 63% for ages under 3) compared to those with older kids (for example: 75% for ages 6-17). Yet, father’s labor rates are much higher, consistently above 90%.

The US Dept of Labor conducted studies across numerous occupations and found that men out-earn women in almost all professions, except for counselors and nutritionists, etc. The largest gap exists in Sales and Finance, accounting for ~45% disparity. We see that women CEOs get paid 72 cents on the dollar compared to men. Even in fields where women are traditionally well represented, like nursing, female nurses are making 91 cents on the dollar relative to men. Furthermore, female founded companies received <3% of all VC funding in US as of 2020, out of total $138B in funding.

According to Labor Dept/ the Women’s Bureau, women still earned 80-83% of men’s income on average. Although factors such as industry and job categories further increase the gender wage gap, most of wage gap remains unexplained.


The Women’s Bureau sponsored two comprehensive studies on the gender #WageGap that show, on average, women earned 80-83% of men’s earnings.
Even after accounting for differences in men’s and women’s work histories, work hours, industry and occupation distribution, and job characteristics, most of the #WageGap remains unexplained. #EqualPay

US DOL Women's Bureau


So what accounts for the “Unexplained” category?


We researched literature about evolutionary psychology, implicit biases at work, risk tolerance, etc and found that one potential factor may be the delta between men & women’s proclivity to display a sense of what is seen as traditionally “Western confidence." For example, as mentioned in the book The Confidence Code:

  • Male job applications frequently applied for promotions when they could meet only 60% of job requirements, whereas women did so only when they believed they met 100%.

  • Male workers were reported to initiate salary negotiation 4X as often as their female counterparts.

Furthermore, May 2021 data from National Bureau of Economic Research reflects even more sobering insights…the pandemic will likely widen the gender wage gap by 5 percentage points, and it will not recover to prior level for 20 years.


Observing these data points led us to to develop a conceptual, impact based Systems Map for women in the workforce, defining three unique domains wherein women are disproportionately impacted by top down & bottom up forces:

- the Political domain

- the Industry Domain

- and the Social Domain

Within the Industry Domain alone, women in the workforce are subjected to a spectrum of top down challenges, including but not limited to

- Asymmetric representation in major industries

- Marginalized representation in the C suite,

- Legacy workforce policy such as limited maternity leave, and…


Furthermore, we recognize in an increasingly mobile society, women are often driven to move away from family in search of higher paying positions, removing them from a structure wherein they might otherwise be more readily supported in starting a family.


To further refine key externalities, we also created an Influence Map, and placed women at the center of another economic analysis. We evaluated four power dynamics driving, or hindering equality in the workforce:

- the Social status quo

- prevailing Government Policy

- Family & Community Norms

- Workplace Standards

From this lens, an overarching learning emerged -- despite challenges, women have nonetheless succeeded in rising through both industry and academic ranks for the last 50 years. However, herein lies part of the problem… we have learned:

  • A parity educated female workforce has thus far, NOT translated to equitable female C suite representation.

    • While we have a workforce that is academically qualified, the number of women in leadership positions has not markedly grown.

    • We also know these superior educational qualifications have NOT manifested as equal pay.

  • Equal voting rights do not correlate to symmetry in our electorate…

    • for example Women are 51% of the US population but 20% of the Senate, 30% of statewide elected executives, 27% of sitting judges, & 0% of presidents.

  • Lastly, espoused values of gender equality have NOT translated to holistic national policy.

The last level we will look at is deep below the surface. This is where we start getting at the mental models – the entrenched thinking – that helps keep this system functioning the way it does.


In the US, we view our economy, our nation, as the land of equal opportunity.. we tend to have a strong belief in boot-strapping our way to success. While that is true for some, many people are left behind in our current system.


We know:

  • Equal investment in human capital does not always translate to equal opportunity.

  • Unequal access to high-quality childcare and education heavily impacts future life and career decisions.

It’s no coincidence the COVID 19 pandemic also led to a public outcry against many of the preexisting inequities in our system. The gender equality conversation is far from over. And though we may be for some, we are far from a place of true gender parity.


In conclusion... COVID 19 has magnified the potential to set back the clock, but losing decades of progress is not inevitable.


We’ve all been presented with unprecedented challenges this last year, but it has also created the space for us to BUILD BACK BETTER. We can invest more in the levers that will flatten the socioeconomic gaps in our given domains.


We’ve come far, but we’re not there yet.


We are still at Day 1 when it comes to true equality.


It will take all of us to move the ball forward.


To summarize, this research effort was conducted virtually over thousands of minutes of Zoom meetings, 15 interviews with subject matter experts and female thought leaders from around the world, referencing 25 different research / academic sources…. We hope these learnings were helpful!

The Great She-cession Map the System Submission Recording



The Great She-cession Research Paper, System Maps, Bibliography





The Great She-cession Slide Deck




 
 
 
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